XU Zhiqin, JIANG Penghui, LI Manchun
The parks provide very important social and ecological benefits. However, for a long time, megacities have tended to allocate land based on economic value, resulting in insufficient quantities, mismatch between spatial distribution and residents’ needs, and low connectivity of parks. Entering the new era, people’s demand for parks is gradually increasing. Therefore, in the context of inventory development, the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were selected as the study areas and multi-source data such as the data of parks, population and land use types were used. The raster Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area method, the method of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model were employed to acquire the optimal spatial layout of parks in megacities from a social and ecological perspective, to coordinate the contradiction between people’s increasing ecological demand and the inadequate space configuration of parks face to land value in megacities. The results were as follows: (1) The supply level of parks within 1 000m walking distance of high-density build-up areas in Shenzhen was higher than that in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou which were the same. (2) Only 75 core patches were in parks of Shanghai which were far less than Beijing’s 300, Guangzhou’s 262 and Shenzhen’s 272. (3) When the parks larger than 100 ha were selected as the ecological patches, the quantities of parks located on the ecological corridors in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were 124, 29, 39 and 20 respectively. (4) The supply level of parks in Shenzhen was higher than Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from the viewpoint of the walking accessibility of parks both before and after the spatial layout optimization. It’s concluded that the employment of the raster Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area method, MSPA and MCR model is helpful to find the optimal spatial layout of parks in cities for which land resources are limited and ecological and social benefits in land using are needed.
