New quality productivity,as a new form that has emerged historically and logically under the continuous development of China’s economy and society,will play a breakthrough role in promoting the country’s progress. Conducting in-depth research on new quality productivity holds profound value and significance. Based on this,this paper constructs a relatively comprehensive evaluation index system for new quality productivity. Using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method,it measures the development level of new quality productivity in China and analyzes the spatiotemporal evolution differences through kernel density,Dagum Gini coefficient,and other methods. Further,the obstacle degree model is employed to identify the barriers hindering the improvement of new quality productivity across regions in China. The findings reveal that: (1) Since 2008,the level of new quality productivity in China’s eastern,central,and western regions has shown an overall upward trend,though the growth rate is not significant. The eastern region far surpasses the central and western regions,with the central region generally outperforming the western region,but the difference between them is minor. (2) The overall level of new quality productivity in China can be categorized into three major groups:high,medium,and low. High-level new quality productivity regions primarily include Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangdong; medium-level regions comprise 19 areas; while low-level regions are mainly concentrated in the western and northeastern regions of China. (3) Digital productivity and technological productivity are key obstacles to the development of new quality productivity across regions in China. In recent years,the obstacle degree of green productivity has been continuously increasing,whereas the obstacle degrees of educational and political productivity rank lower and are not the primary factors constraining the development of new quality productivity in China.

From the perspective of the “element-structure-function” system,this study constructs an evaluation index system for the development of new quality productivity in China. Using the “VHSD-EM” model,it assesses the development level of new quality productivity across 30 provinces from 2011 to 2021 and analyzes its spatial and temporal distribution as well as influencing factors. The findings are as follows:(1) Over time,the development level of new quality productivity in China has shown a continuous upward trend,with a sharp acceleration between 2018 and 2019. (2) In terms of spatial distribution,the development level of new quality productivity from high to low emerges as in order of eastern region, central region, northeastern region and western region.The overall disparity,intra-regional differences,and inter-regional differences are all expanding,with inter-regional disparities being the primary source of overall differences.(3) In terms of dynamic evolution,the imbalance in new quality productivity development is widening at both the national and regional levels,with the eastern region exhibiting the highest degree of imbalance,far exceeding the national average.(4) Regional development disparities are shaped by a combination of government and market-driven factors,with the level of science and technology services exerting the most significant influence,followed by financial investment in science and technology,enterprise scale,and the development of inclusive finance.

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in China from 2012 to 2021,this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the gig economy,and calculates the comprehensive index of gig economy development by using the layer-by-layer vertical and horizontal opening grad method and nonlinear programming method,and calculates the regional differences and sources of gig economy development through the Dagum Gini coefficient. The results show that the overall difference in the development of the gig economy has continued to widen from 2012 to 2021; Inter-regional differences were the main source of overall differences,and their contribution rates were greater than those of supervariable density and intra-regional differences,and the contribution rate of intra-regional differences was the smallest. The establishment of the comprehensive innovation and reform pilot zone has a role in promoting the development of the gig economy,and the role is more obvious in the eastern and western regions. The analysis of the impact mechanism shows that the establishment of the comprehensive innovation and reform pilot zone mainly affects the development of the gig economy by increasing the expenditure on financial scientific research,and the impact is different at different quantiles.

In order to reveal the evolution characteristics of the network structure of listed logistics enterprises, this study constructs the national scale logistics enterprise network and the endogenous network, exogenous network and internal network of urban agglomeration scale, and analyzes them with the help of social network analysis method. The results show that: (1) At the national scale, the network connection volume and connection intensity of China’s logistics enterprises have increased steadily since 2012, showing a multi-point radiation network structure with Shanghai as the core and Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Beijing, Tianjin and Dalian as the sub-core. In 2012, 2017 and 2022, the degree centrality of China’s logistics enterprise network is 2.30%, 2.47% and 2.80% respectively. The central potential is small, and the extreme difference of degree centrality is large, which indicates that the network has a “Matthew effect”. (2) On the scale of urban agglomerations, the results of endogenous network and exogenous network show that the radiating capacity and aggregation capacity of Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations from large to small in order are Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The three major urban agglomerations have strong investment relationship with each other, which can affect the development of logistics enterprises’ network to a certain extent. (3) The imbalance of internal network development is significant. The establishment of network links is mainly concentrated in the core cities, which shows that the three major urban agglomerations have not yet formed the development pattern of core cities radiating marginal cities, and the level of logistics integration development needs to be improved.

Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities from 2010 to 2023,this paper investigates the influence of government digital attention on urban green technology innovation,and further analyzes the mechanism of commercial credit environment between government digital attention and urban green technology innovation. The results show that:(1) The government’s digital attention can effectively promote urban green technology innovation,and this conclusion is still valid after endogenous test and robustness test.(2) Mechanism analysis shows that government digital attention can promote urban green technology innovation by improving business credit environment.(3) The threshold effect test shows that with the optimization of commercial credit environment,the government’s digital attention promotes urban green technology innovation with a nonlinear feature of marginal increase.(4) The temporal heterogeneity analysis shows that after 2015,the effect of government digital attention on urban green technology innovation has been significantly enhanced. Other heterogeneity analysis results show that the impact on central and western cities and large-scale cities is more obvious.(5) The influence of government digital attention on urban green technology innovation has the characteristics of spatial spillover.

Characterizing the spatial network structure features of carbon emissions, exploring influencing factors, and predicting peak attainment are crucial for achieving the “dual carbon” goals. Using panel data from 276 cities in China spanning from 2011 to 2023, this study employs social network analysis to depict the spatial network structure features of carbon emissions. Based on these network structure features, it refines the spatial weight matrix and constructs a spatial Durbin model to analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions. Scenario analysis is then utilized to predict future trends in carbon emissions. The results indicate that urban carbon emissions in China have significantly increased, exhibiting a pronounced uneven distribution. From the perspective of the spatial network structure features of carbon emissions, urban carbon emissions are becoming increasingly interconnected, with the spatial correlation network of the eight major regions forming a “center-periphery” distribution pattern. Different factors have varying impacts on carbon emissions, with urbanization level having a significant emission reduction effect, while economic development level, energy intensity, independent technological innovation, and industrial structure have increased local carbon emissions. Under different scenario settings, carbon emissions exhibit characteristics ranging from high to low, sequentially presenting the green development scenario, technological innovation scenario, baseline scenario, and extensive development scenario.

The rapid urbanization process has caused serious stress effect and far-reaching impact on the ecological environment. At the same time, the degradation of ecological service function and environmental deterioration also further restrict the process of urbanization and regional sustainable development. With the establishment of the national ecological civilization development goal and the new urbanization development strategy, it is urgent to quantitatively analyze the relationship between urbanization and ecosystem service function, starting from the needs of ensuring the healthy development of regional urbanization and ecological security. Exploring the evolution characteristics of urbanization process and ecosystem service in Henan Province can provide a crucial reference and support for ecological environment protection and the strategic decision to promote high-quality economic development. Based on the analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem service and urbanization in Henan Province from 2000 to 2020, the dynamic changes of urbanization and ecosystem service in time and space are further discussed in detail through the coupled coordination degree model.

This study explores the spatiotemporal evolution of urban financing methods in China and their driving factors based on data from chengtou bonds,PPP,and government behavior. The results show that:(1) The amount of PPP investments is significantly influenced by central government policies,while the scale of chengtou bonds is more constrained by the economic conditions of cities. The Gini coefficient of chengtou bonds scale is greater than that of PPP financing. Clustering results reveal that cities in the Northeast are predominantly low-low type,the Yangtze River Delta contains both low-high and high-high types,and some cities in the West and Northwest exhibit a high-low type.(2) Special transfer payments,land resources,and fiscal transparency all contribute to increasing the amount of PPP investments and the scale of chengtou bonds while fiscal pressure negatively affects both financing methods.(3) There is heterogeneity in the financing mechanisms of cities with different scales and strategic positions. Small and medium-sized cities and general node cities rely on special transfer payments for infrastructure financing; large cities’ financing mechanisms are resource- and pressure-driven; the main drivers for mega-cities are fiscal transparency; the financing scale of regional node cities is constrained by fiscal pressure; and land resources are key to financing in national node cities.

The parks provide very important social and ecological benefits. However, for a long time, megacities have tended to allocate land based on economic value, resulting in insufficient quantities, mismatch between spatial distribution and residents’ needs, and low connectivity of parks. Entering the new era, people’s demand for parks is gradually increasing. Therefore, in the context of inventory development, the cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were selected as the study areas and multi-source data such as the data of parks, population and land use types were used. The raster Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area method, the method of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) model were employed to acquire the optimal spatial layout of parks in megacities from a social and ecological perspective, to coordinate the contradiction between people’s increasing ecological demand and the inadequate space configuration of parks face to land value in megacities. The results were as follows: (1) The supply level of parks within 1 000m walking distance of high-density build-up areas in Shenzhen was higher than that in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou which were the same. (2) Only 75 core patches were in parks of Shanghai which were far less than Beijing’s 300, Guangzhou’s 262 and Shenzhen’s 272. (3) When the parks larger than 100 ha were selected as the ecological patches, the quantities of parks located on the ecological corridors in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were 124, 29, 39 and 20 respectively. (4) The supply level of parks in Shenzhen was higher than Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou from the viewpoint of the walking accessibility of parks both before and after the spatial layout optimization. It’s concluded that the employment of the raster Gaussian based 2-step floating catchment area method, MSPA and MCR model is helpful to find the optimal spatial layout of parks in cities for which land resources are limited and ecological and social benefits in land using are needed.

Taking pharmacies and the elderly as the object, the real-time travel path is obtained by using the API path planning of Gaode Map, and interactive selection indexes were added to improve H2SFCA model. From the perspective of aging life circle, analyzing the availability of walking medicine for the elderly, trying to propose the concept of age-friendly carrying capacity, exploring whether there are unequal spaces for elderly people to pharmacies under the equal system of pharmaceutical facilities for all ages in the 15-minute life circle, and guiding pharmacies to adjust helpfully to aging under the market mechanism by identifying spatial blind space. The conclusions were as follows: The age-friendly carrying capacity of pharmacies was low, the proportion of “low-load” and “no-load” carrying capacity in pharmacies was more than 80%, showing a spatial pattern of “high inside and low outside-single center”. Low availability and non-availability areas accounted for 25%, low allocation areas accounted for approximately 90%, and “low allocation-high demand” areas accounted for 40%. The spatial pattern of availability showed a “single-core and multi-center” distribution, highlighting the characteristics of “old city depression”, and about 40% of the elderly were located in the blind area. The blind area space forms a pattern of “core blind area agglomeration-edge blind spot dispersion”, which is a key area suitable for aging construction. In view of the core cluster blind area and the edge blind spot, it is suggested to adopt market-led and government-led mechanisms respectively, and use strategies such as addition, differentiation, quality improvement, traffic leadership and policy promotion to regulate pharmacies for appropriate aging.

In order to promote the rational utilization and scientific development of tourism resources and avoid ecological damage and waste of resources, the spatial distribution and influencing factors of ice and snow tourism events in southern China were studied by using the methods of nearest neighbor index, Voronoi diagram, Kernel density analysis and Geographic detector. The results show that: (1) The snow and ice tourism events in the southern region has a concentrated distribution trend; Compared with the entertainment culture category and the festival folk custom category, the ice and snow activities of sports events show more obvious agglomeration characteristics. (2) In the single factor analysis, the number of permanent residents at the end of the year, the built-up area, the number of undergraduate students in higher education, the annual precipitation, the total amount of imports and exports, etc. all have an impact on the snow and ice tourism events in Southern China, and the influence is from large to small. (3) The interaction between built-up area, permanent resident population, the number of undergraduates in higher education and other factors has significantly increased the influence on the spatial distribution of ice and snow tourism events in Southern China.

This paper takes 18 cities in Henan Province as an example, it measures the economic resilience of urban tourism under COVID-19 in 2020 and 2022 from the perspectives of resistance and resilience by sensitivity index method, and further explores the spatial and temporal characteristics of the tourism economic resilience and its influencing factors. The results show that: The urban tourism economic resilience of Henan Province under the crisis impact manifested stronger resistance but weaker resilience; The tourism economic resilience is obviously heterogeneous in space. It is more resilient in the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration and the Huanghuai region, but less resilient in the northern, western and southwestern of Henan Province; Market size, financial self-sufficiency level, industrial structure, degree of informatization, tourism resources are the main determinants of resistance, and the level of health services, industrial structure, tourism resources, transport accessibility, and the level of regional economic development were the primary determinants of resilience. Accordingly, proposals are put forward to enhance tourism economic resilience, such as integrating and balancing the building of resistance and resilience, paying attention to the capacity construction of the main influencing factors.

Exploring the coupling and coordination relationship between scenic spots and cities is conducive to promoting the coordinated development of regional tourism and narrowing the regional differences in tourism economy. Using methods such as coupling coordination and Tobit model, this study investigated the spatiotemporal evolution, spatial misalignment, and driving mechanisms of coupled development between scenic spots and cities in 14 prefectures and cities in Xinjiang. The results showed that: (1) From 2012 to 2022, the comprehensive development level of scenic spots and cities showed an increasing trend, with a mismatch in their development levels, forming four types of tourist destinations: strong scenic spot-strong city type, strong scenic spot-weak city type, weak scenic spot-strong city type, and weak scenic spot-weak city type. (2) The coupling coordination degree increased slowly, and the overall level was relatively low, primarily characterized by severe and moderate imbalance. (3) The coupling development between scenic spots and cities was uneven spatially, showing a spatiotemporal evolution characteristic of decreasing from Urumqi as the center and strong scenic tourist destinations as the dominant to the surrounding areas. (4) The coupled development of scenic spots and cities was influenced by the level of urban scale, resource endowment advantages, tourism support capacity, socio-economic conditions, and the influence of urban tourism.

Based on the construction of evaluation index systems for the ecological environment and tourism economy in Inner Mongolia, this study observed the comprehensive development levels of both from 2010 to 2023, measured their coupling coordination degree using a coupling coordination model, and explored influencing factors through grey relational analysis. The results showed that: (1) From 2010 to 2023, the quality of the ecological environment in Inner Mongolia generally exhibited an upward trend, while tourism economic development, despite significant fluctuations, showed overall growth, which could be divided into three stages: Steady improvement, sharp decline, and robust recovery. (2) The coupling coordination degree between the two significantly increased, rising from “barely coordinated” to “moderately coordinated.” It was significantly affected by public health events but demonstrated strong resilience. (3) The relative development type shifted from “tourism lag” to “ecological lag,” indicating that the recovery of the tourism economy has imposed new pressure on the ecological carrying capacity. (4) Among the influencing factors, transportation conditions, economic background, resource investment, and policy attention played prominent roles, with energy conservation and environmental protection expenditure, highway mileage, and railway mileage ranking the highest in relational degree. Based on the findings, it is recommended to enhance the resilience of the tourism economy, strengthen the ecology-tourism synergy mechanism, and improve the transportation network to promote regional sustainable development and achieve a higher level of coordination.

This paper explains the theoretical connotation and system construction of the green utilization efficiency of arable land under the threshold of “agricultural dual-carbon”, reveals the spatial and temporal dynamic characteristics of the green utilization efficiency of arable land in Chengdu-Chongqing region from 2000 to 2021 by applying the super-efficiency SBM model and the GML index, and explores its driving mechanism with the help of the Tobit regression model. With the help of Tobit regression model, the driving mechanism was explored. The Findings are as follows: (1) The green utilization efficiency of arable land shows the temporal evolution characteristic of “frequent fluctuation-smooth rise”, and continuous and stable policy support is needed to guide agricultural green innovation and scientific management in the future. (2) The green utilization efficiency of arable land shows a spatial pattern of “high in the southwest and low in the northeast”, with a large number of high-efficiency zones and concentrated patches, and fewer low-efficiency zones, especially in scattered and isolated distribution. (3) Total factor productivity shows the dynamic evolution characteristic of “oscillating and fluctuating upward-stable and fluctuating downward”, and the increase of total factor productivity mainly comes from scientific and technological progress and technical support. (3) The urbanization rate, replanting index and year-end actual cultivated area have a significant negative effect on the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land, the per capita net income of farmers has a significant positive effect on the green utilization efficiency of cultivated land, and the total mechanical power per unit area fails to pass the significance test. Based on this, relevant policy insights are drawn to provide scientific basis and important reference for realizing the national “double carbon” strategic goal, high-quality development of agriculture and green utilization of arable land.

Ecological revitalization is an important component of the rural revitalization strategy. Assessing the value of ecosystem services of cultivated land and establishing standards for ecological compensation of cultivated land are of great significance for promoting ecological revitalization in rural areas. In 2022, the positive value of the cultivated land ecosystem services in Henan Province was 64 659.58 yuan/hm², which was 8.54 times that of the negative value. The net value was 57 089.99 yuan/hm², and the total net value accounted for 6.99% of the GDP. The positive value of the cultivated land ecosystem services in each city ranged from 37 119.14 yuan/hm² to 111 330.89 yuan/hm², which was 4.2 to 16.16 times of its negative value. The surplus of standard cultivated land area in Henan Province had been calculated to be 314.379 ten thousand hectares from the perspective of food security. Among the 18 cities, only 4 cities including Zhengzhou, Luoyang, Sanmenxia and Jiyuan were deficit areas of cultivated land and belonged to the payment areas for ecological compensation of cultivated land.14 cities with surplus of cultivated land belonged to the compensation-receiving areas for ecological compensation of cultivated land. Differentiated ecological compensation standards for cultivated land have been established, combining “inter-city horizontal” and “intra-city vertical” horizontal compensation. The inter-city horizontal ecological compensation was based on the net value of ecosystem services of cultivated land in Henan Province, with a compensation standard of 17 630.04 yuan/hm². Each city would pay or receive compensation funds according to the deficit or surplus of its standard area of cultivated land . The intra-city vertical compensation was based on the net value of the ecosystem services of cultivated land in each city, with the compensation standards ranging from 9 565.43 yuan/hm² to 42 359.40 yuan/hm². Finally, policy suggestions for differentiated ecological compensation of cultivated land in Henan Province were proposed.

From the perspective of scale transformation, Moran’s I, cold hot spot analysis and multi-scale geographical weighted regression were used to investigate the spatial pattern and factors of non-grain cultivated land in typical land-sea interaction zone of Suixi County in Guangdong Province. The results show that: (1) There is an obvious spatial dependence of arable land in the land-sea interaction zone, and it exists stably under scale transformation. (2) The abandoned arable land in Suixi County is mainly concentrated in the northeast, the planting non-grain cultivated land is concentrated in the middle, the eastern hilly area has obvious structural non-grain cultivated land, while the western coast shows non-grain cultivated land cold spots. (3) Under a single scale, the effect of non-grain factors will be covered by scale attributes, planting non-grain cultivated land is restricted by natural resources conditions, structural non-grain cultivated land is mainly affected by location conditions, and arable land abandonment is caused by the comprehensive effect of multiple factors. The result of “scale diseconomy effect” appeared in the policy of permanent basic farmland demarcation in the land-sea interaction zone. (4) The current situation of the coastal zone, which is restricted by the distance from the ocean, has different degrees of influence on the non-grain cultivated land, so it is necessary to build a “quantity-quality-coastal ecology” trinity of cultivated land management system.

To break through the “low adoption rate dilemma” in agricultural technology promotion, the endowment effect theory is introduced into the analysis of farmers’ technology adoption decisions, and a three-dimensional interaction theoretical framework of “person-land-technology” is constructed. Based on the survey data of 489 rice farmers in Guangdong Province and Hainan Province, Probit regression model and moderation effect model are used to analyze the behavioral mechanism of farmers’ adoption of green fertilization technology. The results show that: (1) The endowment effect promotes farmers’ adoption of green fertilization technology. (2) The loss of yield triggers farmers’ loss aversion, thereby strengthening the promoting effect of the endowment effect on farmers’ technology adoption. The risk buffering function of land fragmentation weakens the promoting effect of the endowment effect on farmers’ technology adoption. (3) The moderating effects of yield loss and land fragmentation have characteristics of farmer differentiation: As yield loss increases, the promoting effect of the endowment effect on the technology adoption decisions of production-oriented farmers significantly enhances; as the degree of land fragmentation increases, the positive impact of the endowment effect on the technology adoption of living-oriented farmers significantly weakens. Based on this, measures such as strengthening farmers’ cognition of land property rights, optimizing the publicity path of scientific fertilization, and promoting comprehensive land consolidation should be taken to stimulate the behavior of farmers in the southern rice-growing areas to adopt green fertilization technology.

Based on the survey data of 853 agricultural business entities in Henan Province, the DEA-Tobit model was used to empirically test the impact of land scale differences on grain production efficiency and the path of action. The study found that the grain production efficiency of new business entities was significantly higher than that of farmer-owned business entities, and the efficiency of the two showed significant heterogeneity with the change of scale. The new business entities showed an inverted “U” curve characteristic, while the farmer-owned business entities showed a “U” distribution characteristic. In terms of influencing factors, soil quality and agricultural technical guidance had a significant positive impact on business entities of different scales; education level and single cultivated land area had a significant promoting effect on the grain production efficiency of new business entities, while the age of the household head and the number of years of planting had a positive impact on the grain production efficiency of farmer-owned business entities. In terms of input redundancy, the factor utilization rate of new business entities was higher than that of farmer-owned business entities, but the scale economy potential of farmer-owned business entities was more significant. Based on this, it should strengthen the guarantee of income from grain planting, guide the orderly transfer of land, and improve the mechanism of linking agriculture and leading agriculture to ensure stable grain production and efficiency.

Based on the structural equation model of expansion planning behavior theory and using Foshan City as an example, this research investigates the multi-function transition decision-making rules of rural villagers’ homesteads. Based on the distribution and inheritance of the home land, the majority of the villagers in the Foshan City suburbs have 1~2 small areas. Of these, 2~3 houses are built, and around 30% of them exhibit a trend of multi-functional transformation. In particular, the perception of urban-rural integration among suburban villagers increases their perceived control over their behavior and their willingness to change under the influence of subjective norms in order to temporarily cede their homestead rights to other subjects for the purposes of operation and income growth. To fully realize the multifunctional transformation potential of suburban residential land, local governments must be flexible and adaptable to local circumstances while bolstering protection in areas like general planning, condition provision, registration, and other related areas.