外部性是经济学对“市场失灵”现象的一个解释，现已成为人-地关系领域中用于揭示资源、环境和生态系统等公共物品日益恶化的一个重要分析工具，但立足于抽象空间的理论基础使其在解决区域协调发展关系时显得苍白无力。“真实地理空间”是由“产权区域”组成的具体地理空间，“产权区域”即经济行为主体，亦存在不受市场交易制度制约的外部作用和外部影响，即区域外部性，可以通过判断外部性的作用区域、作用方向、范围和空间格局，进而得到区域政策方面的成果，用于弥补经济学研究的不足。针对当前由于数据难以获取、考察手段缺乏而使地理学区域外部性研究处于举步维艰的尴尬局面，可以以经济核心地发展的“地理扩散”为切入点展开分析，这是因为经济地理学关于区位、空间格局和结构的研究都是以“地理扩散”为肌理，“产权区域”经济发展对其他“产权区域”的外部作用和影响亦可以通过相关要素的地理运动(核心地企业、服务功能、就业和发展机会等扩散)来予以考察，并据此就中国经济地理学区域外部性研究的主要内容进行阐述。基于“产权区域”开展经济地理学外部性研究及其“中国化”，不仅为地理学区域关系研究提供了一个新视角，也为重新认识区域的“空间作用”、摈弃“区域相互作用”的思维模式以及支持增长极、核心-外围、点轴、区域管理和城市的“区域主义”等许多理论模式概念等提供了依据和实证支撑，具有重要的理论和现实指导意义。
Abstract
Externality is an explanation on the phenomenon of “market failure” in economics, nowadays it has being used as an important analysis tool to reveal the reason that the getting more bad situation of the “public goods” such as resources, environment and ecological system in the field of the relationship between human and land. However, the theoretical basis that based on the abstract space makes it hard to solve the regional harmonious development successfully. This research thinks that: (1) the real geographical space is the specific geographical space that is composed by property area, at the same time, the property area means economic agents that owns itself interesting of the goal, and there exists a lot of external influence that not controlled by market trading system in it, what we called regional externalities, so we can obtain the results of regional policy to make up the deficiency of economic externality research by determining the active area, direction, active range and spatial pattern of the externality. (2) Because it was hard to obtain the data and lack of inspection methods that doesn't make the current geographical externality research progress go well, while the “geographical spread” of economic core zone development gives a good starting point to solve this problem. As we all known that the economic geography does the research on location, spatial pattern and structure always by “geographical spread”, therefore, the external influence of the property area development to other property areas also can be inspected by the relevant economic elements’ geographical movement, such as the “geographical spread” of economic core zone enterprise, services, employment and development opportunities. And then this article expounds the main contents of the economic geography regional externality’s research in our country. (3) Do the research on the externality of economic geography and its sinicization on the perspective of property area not only provides a new perspective for the study of geography regional relations, but also for the new understanding of region’s “space effect” that is different from “regional interaction”, as well as gives empirical support to the concepts and theoretical models of “growth pole”, “core-periphery”, “pointaxis”, district management and the regionalism, which means it has important theoretical and practical significance.
关键词
产权区域 /
外部性 /
区域外部性 /
地理扩散 /
经济核心区 /
中国化
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Key words
property area /
externality /
regional externality /
geographical spread /
economic core zone /
sinicization
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中图分类号：
K903
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脚注
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基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41401182,41501173);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(HIT.NSRIF.201656)
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